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🔬 Macroinvertebrate Counts by Taxon

Enter the count of each taxon you identified. Leave at 0 if absent. Tolerance values (TV) are family-level scores per Hilsenhoff (1988) and Bode (1988).

Family / Taxon Common Name TV Count
📊 Results
Total count: 0 — enter counts to begin
Hilsenhoff Family Biotic Index (FBI)
0 Excellent5 Fair10 Very Poor
EPT Index (% Ephemeroptera + Plecoptera + Trichoptera)
0%50%100%
Taxa Richness
distinct groups present
Shannon H′
diversity index
EPT : Chironomid Ratio
higher = cleaner
EPT Taxa Count
distinct EPT groups
Top Taxa by Abundance

Estimates for guidance only — not a substitute for certified laboratory analysis. FBI is calibrated for North American temperate streams (Hilsenhoff 1988). US EPA RBP protocols

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Fill in site details (optional but useful for the printout — stream name, date, substrate type, and sampling gear).
  2. Enter your count for each taxon group you found in the sample. Use 0 for absent taxa. The tool covers the most common families encountered in North American kick-sampling.
  3. Read the results instantly — FBI score and rating, EPT index percentage, taxa richness, Shannon diversity, and EPT:Chironomid ratio all update as you type.
  4. Check sample adequacy — the banner shows whether your total count meets the recommended 100-organism threshold for reliable FBI calculation.
  5. Export or print your results as a clean summary PDF or CSV for field records.

Understanding the Indices

Hilsenhoff Family Biotic Index (FBI)

Developed by William L. Hilsenhoff at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the Family Biotic Index is the most widely used rapid bioassessment metric in North America. It weights each organism's count by its family's known pollution tolerance (0 = very intolerant, 10 = very tolerant), then divides by total count:

FBI = Σ(nᵢ × TVᵢ) / N Where: nᵢ = count of each taxon family TVᵢ = tolerance value for that family (Hilsenhoff 1988) N = total organism count in the sample

A sample dominated by sensitive stoneflies and caddisflies gives a low FBI (good quality); one dominated by tubificid worms and midges gives a high FBI (poor quality).

FBI ScoreWater QualityDegree of Pollution
0.00 – 3.50ExcellentNo apparent organic pollution
3.51 – 4.50Very GoodPossible slight organic pollution
4.51 – 5.50GoodSome organic pollution
5.51 – 6.50FairFairly significant organic pollution
6.51 – 7.50Fairly PoorSignificant organic pollution
7.51 – 8.50PoorVery significant organic pollution
8.51 – 10.00Very PoorSevere organic pollution

EPT Index

Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies) are collectively called EPT — the three orders most sensitive to organic pollution and low dissolved oxygen. EPT% = (total EPT individuals / total sample) × 100. Healthy streams typically exceed 50% EPT; degraded streams often fall below 10%.

Shannon Diversity Index (H′)

H′ = −Σ(pᵢ × ln pᵢ) where pᵢ = nᵢ / N

Shannon H′ captures both richness (number of taxa) and evenness (how evenly individuals are spread). For stream macroinvertebrates, H′ above 2.5 typically reflects a diverse, healthy community; values below 1.0 suggest dominance by a few tolerant taxa.

EPT : Chironomid Ratio

Chironomid midges (family Chironomidae) are highly tolerant generalists. A high EPT count relative to chironomids is a sign of clean-water conditions. In impaired streams, chironomids often make up 50–80% of all individuals while EPT taxa nearly disappear.

When to Use Kick-Sampling

Kick-sampling is best conducted during stable base-flow — avoid sampling within two weeks of heavy rain or snowmelt, which scours organisms downstream. Most North American rapid bioassessment protocols designate spring or early autumn as index periods. Riffle habitats over cobble substrate yield the most representative communities and are the standard target for FBI calculation. Always sample upstream first and work downstream to avoid disturbing your sample site.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the EPT index for stream water quality?
The EPT index is the percentage of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies) in a macroinvertebrate sample. These three orders require clean, well-oxygenated water, so a high EPT percentage — typically above 50% — indicates good water quality. Polluted streams often show EPT percentages below 10%.
What is the Hilsenhoff Family Biotic Index (FBI)?
The Hilsenhoff Family Biotic Index (FBI), developed by William Hilsenhoff in 1988, is a weighted average of macroinvertebrate pollution tolerance values. Each taxon family receives a tolerance score from 0 (very intolerant of pollution) to 10 (very tolerant). FBI = Σ(count × tolerance) / total count. Scores below 3.5 indicate excellent water quality; scores above 7.5 indicate poor or very poor water quality. It is calibrated for North American temperate streams and widely used in citizen science and professional bioassessment programs.
How many organisms do I need in a kick sample?
The Hilsenhoff method recommends at least 100 arthropods for a reliable FBI. Most EPA Rapid Bioassessment Protocols (RBP) use a fixed-count subsample of 100–200 organisms. Samples smaller than 50 individuals should be treated as preliminary estimates only, since small samples are highly sensitive to single-taxon luck. The calculator flags your total against this threshold.
What does Shannon diversity index mean for streams?
Shannon diversity (H′) measures both richness (how many taxa are present) and evenness (how evenly individuals are distributed across taxa). For stream macroinvertebrates, H′ values above 2.5 generally indicate a diverse, healthy community. Values below 1.0 suggest a stressed assemblage dominated by a few tolerant taxa such as chironomid midges or tubificid worms. H′ = −Σ(pᵢ × ln pᵢ) where pᵢ is each taxon's proportional abundance.
When should I do a kick-sample survey?
Sample during stable base-flow conditions — avoid the two weeks after heavy rain or snowmelt, which can scour organisms downstream. Most protocols index to late spring (May–June) or early autumn (September–October). If making year-over-year trend comparisons, always sample within the same seasonal window. Riffle habitats with cobble substrate are the standard target.
Can I use this for UK or European streams?
The FBI tolerance values in this calculator are calibrated for North American temperate streams (Hilsenhoff 1988; Bode 1988). For UK and European streams, the equivalent standard is the BMWP score (Biological Monitoring Working Party) and ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon), which use different family-level scores. The EPT index and Shannon diversity formulas are universal. If using this calculator for non-North-American streams, treat FBI results as indicative only.
Why is my FBI score higher than expected for a clean stream?
Family-level FBI tends to overestimate pollution in clean streams compared to species-level HBI, because clean-water families contain both tolerant and intolerant species and the family's average tolerance value is used. This is a known limitation of the FBI (Hilsenhoff 1988). For definitive assessments, species-level identification with the full Hilsenhoff Biotic Index is more accurate. The FBI is designed as a rapid field screening tool, not a replacement for full laboratory analysis.